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Old Man Smoke (wiki) or Šóta (uttalas Sho-tah) föddes 1774 och dog 1864 nära Fort Laramie Wyoming i en ålder av 89 år. Han dog av naturliga orsaker, alltså av hög ålder. Chief Smoke var överhövding, stark man, för Oglalagruppen Hunk-pa-ti-la, senare kända som den viktiga Oglalagruppen. Hans tid som hövding (stark man) kan sägas vara tiden 1800-1864.
Smoke var förstås en väldig hästtjuv och krigare i sin ungdom, men blev med tiden mer av en ledargestalt. Somliga säger att han valdes till ”överhövding”. Folket gav honom en örnfjäder för varje god gärning han gjorde för stammen, och det blev förstås med tiden en hel fäderhuva med släp. Smoke var sex och en halv fot lång och vägde säkert 125 kilo, men han var muskulöst välbyggd.
Smoke hade anor från dels Sihasapa (Blackfeet sioux) och Hunkpatila
Hans far var Body Parts och hans mor Looking Walker Woman.
Smoke hade 4 lakotahustrur och en från cheyennerna. Först Looking Cloud Woman en Minnicoju Sioux, sedan Comes Out Slow Woman en Oglala Sioux, därefter Burnt Her Woman Si-can-gu (Brulé) Sioux, och så Yellow Haired Woman från sydcheyennerna till sist Brown Eyes Woman en Hunk-pa-pa Sioux.
Smoke hade 10 barn. En dotter och 9 söner.
Dottern var Ulala / Spotted Horse woman. Sönerna var (adopterad) Red Cloud, (adopterad) Bull Bear III, Man Afraid of His Horses I, Solomon ”Smoke” II, American Horse I, Big Month (tvilling) Blue Horse (tvillling) f. 1822, Womans Dress och No Neck.
Red Cloud adopterades då hans föräldrar dog redan när Red Cloud var tre år (1825). Bull Bear låg uppenbarligen i fejd med sin egen familj. Red Cloud sköt ju hans far
Spotted Tails far, Tangle Hair var kusin med Smoke genom Smokes fars sida, Blackfeet siouxbandet, vilket då gjorde Spotted Tail till brorson till Smoke. (Spotted Tails dotter Bring Water hade en önskan kom att bli begravd tillsammans med hennes farfar Smoke och när hon dog 1865 vid 18 års ålder placerades hon bredvid farfar Smokes gravställning.
Smoke hade två systrar: White Cow Woman och Walks as She Thinks.
White Cow Woman hade två söner, Lone ”One” Horn och Black Bull II med Black Buffalo.
(Märk: Black Bull tog sig broderns namn Lone Horn efter dennes död 1835 och Black Bull adopterade sin bror son, Spotted Elk alias Big Foot, som sin egen son.
Walks as She Thinks hade en son, Red Cloud med Lone Man.
Smokes hövdingaskapet kom att utmanas 1834 och 1841. Hans nära kusin Bull Bear
Bull Bear målad av Alfred Jacob Miller
ville ta makten över Hunkpatilabandet, så att Smoke var tvungen att dela stammen i två hälfter. Men Bull Bear fortsatte sin fejd mot Smoke genom att kasta sand i ansiktet på honom och kalla hans hälft av bandet för ”Fula ansikten” (Bad Faces) Kiy-ya-ksa. Men Bull Bear dödades av Red Cloud 1841. Det var så Oglalas kom att bli kallade med sitt kända namn, ”De som splittrar sig”.
In 1851, the treaty: Man Afraid I, took up most of the responsibilities of the leadership from Chief Smoke. Because Chief Smoke made him as an Honoring Shirt-wearer in the 1830’s, & made him the next chief to lead the people. He appointed Man Afraid I a main-head man in 1851. But Man Afraid I, was pushed aside when Chief Smoke died in 1864, & again at the Treaty of 1868 by Red Cloud, the head Agents & Major General William Tecumseh Sherman of the U.S. Government.
The body of Chief Smoke was removed & sent to the Smithsonian Institute after couple days of his death by an Army Surgeon stationed at Fort Laramie, but 130 years later. The remains of Chief Smoke were return to the Smoke family in 1994, they buried him by the town of Porcupine, South Dakota. On that War-shirt of Chief Smoke, that was a gift to Col. William Collin from Chief Smoke, & now it's in the Smithsonian Institute.
After Chief Smoke died, his 4th son: Chief Solomon “Smoke” II & his grandson: Chief Wendell Smoke try to keep the traditional leadership going in the Smoke family. It died out after Wendell Smoke died in 1920, but Wendell’s direct great-grandson: Wendyll Smoke is trying to restate it today. Maybe one day the Smokes will see the leadership returned to their family. In 1915 Wendell Smoke had his only son; Melvin “Emil” Smoke. Sadly Emil died in 1967, but he has 3 children Vi-na, Edward & Benjamin Smoke who are alive today. Emil has 5 grandchildren carry the Smoke name; Oleaupi, Wendyll, Gwendyllyn, Šótah C., BJ Smoke & 1 great-grandson Zhaine Smoke. There were 2 daughters of Emil but the 2nd daughter died in 2002 & her named was Bertha Smoke; 44. Emil has 12 grandchildren & many great-grandchildren. But only 1 carry the Smoke name & that is Zhaine! Emil never succeeded to the position of the traditional chief & his sons; Edward & Ben don’t want it. Old Man Smoke; 89 {1774-1864}, “Smoke” II; 60 {1835-1895}, Wendell Smoke; 44 {1876-1920}, Emil Smoke; 52 {1915-1967}.
The Smoke family was the most prominent & dominant family amongst the Lakotas during the 18th & 19th centuries.
The Pine Ridge B.I.A. Papers says: the Smokes are 31/32 Oglala. The Smoke family is mostly Oglala, but also from the Si-ha-Sa-pa, Si-can-gu & Minni-con-ju Lakota Sioux. The American Horse I & Woman Dress Families is apart Cheyenne, & not the Smokes.
There are 9 original Smokes who are alive today, & who are the direct descendants of the old Chief Smoke. The oldest to the youngest; Vi-na Conroy Smoke, Edward Smoke, Benjamin Smoke & Oleaupi Good Lance Smoke, Wendyll Smoke, Gwendyllyn Smoke, & Šótah Conroy, Benny Smoke Jr. & Zhaine Smoke.
The founder & writer of Indian Country Today, Tim Giago said; "If there was so called a throne among the Lakota or Sioux people today. The Red Cloud family would be the royal family & Chief Oliver Red Cloud would be sitting on the Lakota Sioux throne." But one of the old Chief Smoke's direct grandsons, Wendyll Smoke says different; if you trace the history back, you would see there are two old original lines that came out of the old Chief Smoke; the Man Afraid & Smoke families, who are the rightful royal heirs, if you put it in that fact. So it is possibility that Chief Man Afraid I's direct great great grandson, Ed Afraid of His Horses or Chief Solomon “Smoke” II's direct great great grandson, Wendyll Smoke would be sitting on the Teton Lakota Sioux throne of today!
Contact: W. Smoke
Read more: http://amertribes.proboards.com/thread/239/chief-smoke-family?page=4#ixzz5fKm4xcXG